Organic Chemistry 2

Continuation of Organic Chemistry I. Methods of analysis, chemistry of hydrocarbons (alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons), chemistry of the carbonyl group (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid derivatives). Emphasis on mechanistic aspects of reactions and effects of molecular structure on reactivity.
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Exams
The alkenes are studied in this chapter: the naming and properties of alkenes, the pi bond in chemistry, the preparation of alkenes with the Saytzev and the Hofmann rules, the degree of unsaturation of a chemical compound.
Naming the Alkenes Pi Bond Properties of Alkenes Preparation of Alkenes Degree of Unsaturation
The reactions of alkenes are studied in this chapter: the hydrogenation, the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides with the Markovnikov rule, the electrophilic hydration, the electrophilic halogenation, the hydroboration-oxidation with the formation of anti-Markovnikov products, the epoxide synthesis, the vicinal syn dihydroxylation, the ozonolysis – an oxidative cleavage, the radical bromination.
Alkenes Reactivity Hydrogenation Electrophilic Addition of Hydrogen Halides Electrophilic Hydration Electrophilic Halogenation Hydroboration - Oxidation Epoxide Synthesis Vicinal Syn Dihydroxylation Oxidative Cleavage: Ozonolysis Radical Bromination
The alkynes are studied in this chapter: the naming and properties of alkynes, the preparation of alkynes, the reduction reactions, the electrophilic addition reactions, the anti-Markovnikov additions.
Naming the Alkynes Properties of Alkynes Preparation of Alkynes Reduction of Alkynes Electrophilic Addition Reactions Anti-Markovnikov Additions
The delocalized π systems are studied in this chapter: the overlap of 3 adjacent p orbitals, the allylic reactions, the conjugated dienes and their reactions, the Diels-Alder cycloadditions, the kinetic and thermodynamic control.
Overlap of 3 Adjacent p Orbitals Allylic Reactions Conjugated Dienes Electrophilic Reactions of Dienes Kinetic vs. Thermodynamic Control Diels-Alder Cycloaddition
The benzene and the aromaticity are studied in this chapter: the naming and properties of benzene, the Hückel’s rule: aromatic, antiaromatic, non-aromatic systems, the electrophilic aromatic substitution, the halogenation of benzene.
Naming Benzene Properties of Benzene Hückel's Rule Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Halogenation of Benzene Nitration of Benzene Sulfonation of Benzene Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Friedel-Crafts Acylation
The electrophilic attack on derivatives of benzene are studied in this chapter: the electrophilic substitution of substituted benzenes, the activators and deactivators substituents, the meta- ortho- para- directing substituents, the synthetic strategies.
Electrophilic Substitution of Substituted Benzenes Synthetic Strategies
The aldehydes and ketones are studied in this chapter: the naming and properties of carbonyls, their synthesis, the addition reactions: additions of hydride and organometallic reagents, addition of water, addition of alcohols, addition of ammonia and its derivatives.
Naming the Carbonyls Properties of Carbonyls Synthesis of Carbonyls Mechanisms of Addition Additions of Hydride and Organometallic Reagents Additions of Water Additions of Alcohols Additions of Ammonia and Its Derivatives
The enols, enolates and aldol condensation are studied in this chapter: the acidity of carbonyls, the keto-enol equilibria, the alkylation of carbonyls, the aldol and cross-aldol condensation, the unsaturated aldehydes and ketones (1,2- and 1,4-additions).
Acidity of Carbonyls Keto-Enol Equilibria Alkylation of Carbonyls Aldol Condensation Cross Aldol Condensation α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
The carboxylic acids are studied in this chapter: the naming and properties of carboxylic acids, their synthesis, their reactivity: reduction and addition-elimination reactions, the preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives: acyl halides, carboxylic anhydrides, esters, amides.
Naming the Carboxylic Acids Properties of Carboxylic Acids Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids Reduction of Carboxylic Acids The Addition-Elimination Mechanism Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
The carboxylic acid derivatives are studied in this chapter: their properties and relative reactivities, the chemistry of acyl halides, the chemistry of esters, the chemistry of carboxylic anhydrides, the chemistry of amides.
Properties and Relative Reactivities Chemistry of Acyl Halides Chemistry of Esters Chemistry of Carboxylic Anhydrides Chemistry of Amides
Midterm 1 includes 7 questions and it covers Organic Chemistry 1 and Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of Organic Chemistry 2. At the end of the test you can see the answers and determine whether you have solved the questions. You have 1 hour to resolve Midterm 1.
Questions
60 Minutes
Midterm 2 includes 6 questions. It covers Organic Chemistry 1 and chapters 1 to 6 of Organic Chemistry 2 (mainly chapters 4, 5 and 6). At the end of the test you can see the answers and determine whether you have solved the questions. You have 1 hour to resolve Midterm 2.
Questions
60 Minutes
Final Exam includes 12 questions and it covers all chapters of Organic Chemistry 1 and 2. At the end of the test you can see the answers and determine whether you have solved the questions. You have 2 hours to resolve Final Exam.
Questions
150 Minutes