Quiz - Aldehydes and Ketones - 2 | Aldehydes and Ketones - Part 1
Organic Chemistry 2 - Quiz - Aldehydes and Ketones - 2
Which of the following is the correct nomenclature for 
?
The compound has an aldehyde functional group at the end of a four-carbon chain with methyl groups on the second carbon; hence, '2,2-dimethylbutanal' is the correct IUPAC name.
What is a characteristic IR absorption frequency for a carbonyl group in an aldehyde?
Aldehydes typically show a strong absorption in the IR spectrum near 1715 cm-1 due to the C=O bond stretch.
Which type of reaction occurs when H2O adds to an aldehyde or ketone?
The reaction of H2O with an aldehyde or ketone is a nucleophilic addition, where H2O attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon.
What determines the preference for formation of hemiacetals in carbohydrates?
Cyclic hemiacetals form readily in carbohydrates because an -OH group is often located adjacent to the carbonyl carbon, facilitating intramolecular nucleophilic addition.
When a diol reacts with a ketone, what type of product is formed?
When a diol, or a molecule with two -OH groups, reacts with a ketone, the product formed is a cyclic acetal.
Why are acetals useful as protecting groups for carbonyl compounds in organic synthesis?
Acetals act as protecting groups by shielding carbonyl compounds from undesired reactions, providing a controlled environment for synthetic processes. Once the desired steps are completed, acetals can be easily removed to regenerate the original carbonyl functionality.
How can the synthesis of aldehydes be specifically achieved when starting from an alkyne?
Hydroboration followed by oxidation of an alkyne gives the anti-Markovnikov product, which is an aldehyde.
In the nucleophilic addition of water to an aldehyde, what type of compound is initially formed?
When water adds to an aldehyde, the initial product is a geminal diol.
Why is the addition of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones informative for the understanding of equilibrium in organic reactions?
The addition of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones forms acetals and ketals, and often the reaction is reversible, illustrating the concept of equilibrium in organic reactions.