Quiz - Structure and Reactivity - 4 | Structure and Reactivity
Organic Chemistry 1 - Quiz - Structure and Reactivity - 4
What is a characteristic property of a Bronsted base?
A Bronsted base is characterized by its ability to accept a proton (H+). This definition focuses on the proton transfer during acid-base reactions, differentiating it from Lewis definitions.
Which factor does not directly affect acid strength?
The solubility of an acid in water does not directly affect its acid strength. Acid strength is mainly influenced by the stability of the conjugate base, the bond polarity, and the electronegativity of the atoms involved.
Which statement best describes a Lewis acid in a chemical reaction?
A Lewis acid is defined as a species that can accept an electron pair, often forming a coordinate covalent bond. This definition extends the concept of acids beyond proton transfer to electron pair acceptors.
Which functional group contains a carbonyl bound to an oxygen via a double bond?
Ketones feature a carbonyl group (C=O) bound to two carbon atoms. Unlike alkenes or alkynes, which involve C=C or C≡C, respectively, ketones have characteristic carbonyl chemistry.
What distinguishes a constitutional isomer from a stereoisomer?
Constitutional isomers have different connectivity—they are composed of the same atoms but the atoms are connected differently. Stereoisomers, on the other hand, have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of these atoms.
What kind of arrow is drawn between resonance structures?
Resonance structures are connected by a double-headed arrow to indicate the delocalization of electrons and the equivalence of the contributing structures in the resonance hybrid.
A reaction involving a carbonyl compound with a strong nucleophile is likely to involve:
A strong nucleophile will typically add to the electrophilic carbon of a carbonyl compound in an addition reaction. This process is due to the polarization of the carbonyl group, with a partial positive charge on the carbon.
Which term describes a species that has a positive charge and is prone to accepting electrons?
Electrophiles are species with positive charges or electron-deficient centers, making them prone to accepting electrons in chemical reactions.
In which functional group is a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (–OH)?
Carboxylic acids are characterized by a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group. The general structure is RCOOH, where R represents an organic substituent.
Among the following carboxylic acids, which is expected to be the strongest acid?
Formic acid is stronger than other carboxylic acids listed due to its smaller size and the absence of electron-donating alkyl groups, making the conjugate base more stable and resulting in a higher acidity.