Quiz | Structure and Reactivity
Which compound is most acidic?
FCH2CO2H
ClCH2CO2H
BrCH2CO2H
ICH2CO2H
When comparing the acidity of different molecules, it is actually easier to compare the stability of their respective bases ⇒ less stable base = strongest base ⇒ strongest base = weakest acid
The more electronegative an atom, the stronger the inductive attracting effect and the more stable the base
Electronegativity: F > Cl > Br > I
Which compound is most basic?
(CH3)3C-
CH3CHCH-
(CH3)2CCH-
CH3CC-
Lone pairs of electrons are stabilized by the s character of orbital. The % of s character is 25% in sp3 hybridization, 33% in sp2 and 50% in sp. Therefore, increasing basicity correlates with hybridization as follows: sp < sp2 < sp3
Which compound is an ether?
CH3CH2CH2COH
CH3CH2CH2COOH
CH3CH2OCH2CH3
CH3CH2COCH3
CH3CH2CH2COH ⇒ aldehyde; CH3CH2CH2COOH ⇒ carboxylic acid; CH3CH2OCH2CH3 ⇒ ether; CH3CH2COCH3 ⇒ ketone
What is the correct IUPAC name of (CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)2?
1,1-dimethyl-3,3-dipropylpropane
1-isopropyl-2-propylpentane
2-methyl-4-propylheptane
6-methyl-4-propylheptane
1) Longest chain: 7 carbon atoms ⇒ heptane
2) 1 methyl substituent + 1 propyl substituent
3) The left end is the closest to a subst.: number the C atoms from the left to the right
4) 2-methyl-4-propylheptane
Which of the following compounds is a Lewis Base?
BH3
H2O
AlCl3
All of the above
A Lewis base is a substance that donates an electron pair: H2O has 2 pairs of electrons on oxygen ⇒ it is a Lewis base
A Lewis acid is a substance that accepts an electron pair: BH3 and AlCl3 are electron-poor species (boron and aluminium need electrons to follow the octet rule) ⇒ BH3 and AlCl3 are Lewis acids
Which of the following cannot react as a nucleophile?
CH3OCH3
CH3OH
CH3O+H2
CH3OCH3
CH3O+H2 is an electrophile: electron-poor species that can form a covalent bond by accepting an electron pair from a nucleophile. Indeed the oxygen atom is positively charged and therefore poor in electrons