Quiz 3 - The Atomic Theory | The Atomic Theory

General Chemistry 1 - Quiz 3 - The Atomic Theory

1

Which postulate of Dalton's atomic theory is contradicted by the existence of isotopes?

The existence of isotopes, which are atoms of the same element with different masses due to varying numbers of neutrons, contradicts the postulate that all atoms of a given element are identical. This postulate was revised as science advanced to account for isotopes.

2

Which of the following elements is NOT commonly found in nature as a diatomic molecule?

Carbon is not commonly found in nature as a diatomic molecule. Diatomic molecules are pairs of atoms from the same element bound together, such as H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2.

3

What is the charge of a proton?

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, and they contribute to the atom's identity and atomic number.

4

Where are electrons located within an atom?

Electrons are located outside the nucleus of an atom and orbit around it in various energy levels or orbitals.

5

What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment reveal about atoms?

Rutherford's experiment showed that most alpha particles passed through the gold foil, indicating that atoms are mostly empty space. However, some alpha particles were deflected, suggesting the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus.

6

What is the mass number in nuclear notation?

The mass number (A) in nuclear notation represents the total number of nucleons in the nucleus, which includes both protons and neutrons.

7

Determine the number of neutrons in 

The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number (20) from the mass number (40), resulting in 20 neutrons.

8

Determine the number of protons in 

The number of protons is equal to the atomic number Z

9

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in 

Chlorine Cl-1735 has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Since it has gained one electron to become an anion, the total number of electrons is 17 + 1 = 18.

10

Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in 

Sodium () has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. Since it is a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons are equal, giving 11 electrons.