Knowledge Base

Atomic Structure Electron Configuration Ionic and Covalent Bonds Nucleophile vs. Electrophile IUPAC Nomenclature Types of Isomers Halogenation of Alkanes Scientific Method and Notation The International System of Units The Properties of Matter Scientific Measurement Uncertainty in Measurement Atoms and Elements States of Matter The Atomic Theory Atomic Structure Ions - Cations & Anions Naming Binary Compounds The Law of Constant Composition Empirical vs. Molecular Formula Chemical Reactions Balancing Chemical Equations Group Properties The Periodic Table Alkyl Halide Reactions Nomenclature of Alcohols Alcohol Protecting Groups Nitration of Benzene Nomenclature of Heterocycles Aromatic Heterocyclopentadienes Synthesis of Amino Acids Amino Acids Sequencing Wave Model of Light Photons and Photoelectric Effect Wave-Particle Duality Atomic Line Spectra Quantum Numbers Electronic Structure Principles Arrangement of Electrons Excited States Periodicity in Properties of Elements Types of Bonding Ionic Compounds Electron Configuration of Ions Sizes of Ions Ionic Bond Energies Lewis Structures Exceptions to the Octet Rule Electronegativity & Polarity VSEPR Theory Prediction of Molecular Geometry Deviation from Ideal Bond Angles Molecular Geometry and Polarity Isomers Naming Acids Masses and Mole Number Valence Bond Theory Multiple Bonds Hybrid Orbitals Molecular Orbital Theory Acid-Base Theories Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Types of Reaction Average Atomic Mass Percent Composition by Mass Combustion Analysis Stoichiometry Limiting Reactant Percent Yield Molarity vs. Molality Electrolytes Acid-Base Titrations Gas Properties Gas Laws Ideal Gas Law – Molar Volume, Molar Mass and Density Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures Kinetic Theory and Speed Distribution Internal Energy, Heat and Work Enthalpy Enthalpy Relationships Enthalpy of Formation Bond Enthalpies Heat Capacity Intermolecular Forces Properties of Liquids Vapor Pressure Colloids Graham’s Law of Effusion Mean Free Path Reaction Rates First-Order Reactions Radioactive Decay Activation Energy Arrhenius Equation Solution Concentrations Raoult’s Law Boiling Point Elevation Chemical Equilibrium Le Châtelier’s Principle Approach to Equilibrium Acids and Bases pH and pOH Buffers Indicators Solubility-Product Constants Formation of Complexes Precipitation Criteria Entropy Changes for Reactions Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Half Reactions Balancing Equations for Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Electric Energy and Charge Electrochemical Cells Cell Diagrams Lewis Structures The Mole Core vs. Valence Electrons Effective Nuclear Charge The Octet Rule Lone Pair Effect Factors Favoring SN1 or SN2