Knowledge Base

Atomic Structure Electron Configuration Ionic and Covalent Bonds Nucleophile vs. Electrophile IUPAC Nomenclature Types of Isomers Halogenation of Alkanes Scientific Method and Notation The International System of Units The Properties of Matter Derived Units: Volume, Density, & Energy Uncertainty in Measurement Atoms and Elements States and Classification of Matter The Atomic Theory Atomic Numbers Cations & Anions Naming Ionic Compounds Law of Conservation of Mass Empirical and Molecular Formulas Chemical Reactions and Equations Balancing Chemical Equations Group Classification and Characteristics The Periodic Table Alkyl Halide Reactions Nomenclature of Alcohols Alcohol Protecting Groups Nomenclature of Heterocycles Aromatic Heterocyclopentadienes Synthesis of Amino Acids Peptide Sequencing Nature of Light Photons and Photoelectric Effect Wavelike Properties of Matter Atomic Line Spectra Quantum Numbers Electronic Structure Principles Electron Configurations Ground State and Excited States Electron Affinity Types of Bonding Ionic Compounds Electron Configuration of Ions Ionic Radius Formation of Ionic Solids Lewis Structures Exceptions to the Octet Rule Electronegativity Molecular Shape VSEPR Theory Electron and Molecular Geometry Deviation from Ideal Bond Angles Molecular Geometry and Polarity Molar Mass and Mole Number Valence Bond Theory Single and Multiple Bonds Hybrid Orbitals Molecular Orbital Theory Acid-Base Theories Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions Atomic Masses Percent Composition by Mass Combustion Analysis Stoichiometry Limiting Reactant Reaction Yield Molarity vs. Molality Electrolytes Acid-Base Titrations Gas Properties The Gas Laws Gas Mixtures The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Internal Energy, Heat and Work Enthalpy Hess's Law Standard Enthalpies of Formation Bond Enthalpies Calorimetry and Heat Capacity Intermolecular Forces Properties of Liquids Vapor Pressure Types of Solutions Gas Diffusion and Effusion Mean Free Path Reaction Rates First-Order Reactions Radioactive Decay Collision Theory The Arrhenius Equation Concentration Units Vapor-Pressure Lowering Boiling-Point Elevation The Concept of Equilibrium Le Châtelier’s Principle Using Equilibrium Expressions Acid-Base Concepts The pH Scale Buffers Indicators Solubility-Product Constants Formation of Complexes Precipitation Criteria Entropy Changes for Reactions Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Half Reactions Balancing Equations for Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Electric Energy and Charge Electrochemical Cells Cell Diagrams Lewis Structures The Mole and Avogadro's Number Core and Valence Electrons Effective Nuclear Charge The Octet Rule Lone Pair Effect Factors Favoring SN1 or SN2