Knowledge Base
Atomic Structure
Electron Configuration
Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Nucleophile vs. Electrophile
IUPAC Nomenclature
Types of Isomers
Halogenation of Alkanes
Scientific Method and Notation
The International System of Units
The Properties of Matter
Derived Units: Volume, Density, & Energy
Uncertainty in Measurement
Atoms and Elements
States and Classification of Matter
The Atomic Theory
Atomic Numbers
Cations & Anions
Naming Ionic Compounds
Law of Conservation of Mass
Empirical and Molecular Formulas
Chemical Reactions and Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations
Group Classification and Characteristics
The Periodic Table
Alkyl Halide Reactions
Nomenclature of Alcohols
Alcohol Protecting Groups
Nomenclature of Heterocycles
Aromatic Heterocyclopentadienes
Synthesis of Amino Acids
Peptide Sequencing
Nature of Light
Photons and Photoelectric Effect
Wavelike Properties of Matter
Atomic Line Spectra
Quantum Numbers
Electronic Structure Principles
Electron Configurations
Ground State and Excited States
Electron Affinity
Types of Bonding
Ionic Compounds
Electron Configuration of Ions
Ionic Radius
Formation of Ionic Solids
Lewis Structures
Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Electronegativity
Molecular Shape
VSEPR Theory
Electron and Molecular Geometry
Deviation from Ideal Bond Angles
Molecular Geometry and Polarity
Molar Mass and Mole Number
Valence Bond Theory
Single and Multiple Bonds
Hybrid Orbitals
Molecular Orbital Theory
Acid-Base Theories
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions
Atomic Masses
Percent Composition by Mass
Combustion Analysis
Stoichiometry
Limiting Reactant
Reaction Yield
Molarity vs. Molality
Electrolytes
Acid-Base Titrations
Gas Properties
The Gas Laws
Gas Mixtures
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Internal Energy, Heat and Work
Enthalpy
Hess's Law
Standard Enthalpies of Formation
Bond Enthalpies
Calorimetry and Heat Capacity
Intermolecular Forces
Properties of Liquids
Vapor Pressure
Types of Solutions
Gas Diffusion and Effusion
Mean Free Path
Reaction Rates
First-Order Reactions
Radioactive Decay
Collision Theory
The Arrhenius Equation
Concentration Units
Vapor-Pressure Lowering
Boiling-Point Elevation
The Concept of Equilibrium
Le Châtelier’s Principle
Using Equilibrium Expressions
Acid-Base Concepts
The pH Scale
Buffers
Indicators
Solubility-Product Constants
Formation of Complexes
Precipitation Criteria
Entropy Changes for Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Half Reactions
Balancing Equations for Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Electric Energy and Charge
Electrochemical Cells
Cell Diagrams
Lewis Structures
The Mole and Avogadro's Number
Core and Valence Electrons
Effective Nuclear Charge
The Octet Rule
Lone Pair Effect
Factors Favoring SN1 or SN2